PMM PMG Combo · Wheels in Wheels

SECTION 1 OF 6

THE CONCEPT

WHY WHEELS IN WHEELS

THE PROBLEM WITH STANDARD PMG COUPLING

Standard PMG designs extract from a single interaction zone. At each rotation, the PMG sees a pulse then a dead zone — a period where the field drops and the PMG partially de-energizes. Energy available during the dead zone is lost as heat.

THE WHEELS-IN-WHEELS SOLUTION

By placing a smaller inner wheel (9 magnets) inside a larger outer wheel (36 magnets) at a 4:1 radius ratio, the geometry creates 36 interaction events per revolution in the standard configuration. With the S N N S redesigned pole pattern, this becomes 18 distinct flux change events — each one an extraction opportunity for the coupled PMG.

KEY INSIGHT

The PMG does not care whether a flux change event is 1.0 or 0.5 strength. It extracts from all of them. The opposite-polarity pairs at the half-position fill the dead zone between primary events. The PMG stays continuously energized.

CORE CLAIM · ENERGY BALANCE

THE 2 : 0.25 GAIN MODEL

HOW GEOMETRY + PULSE + BEMF PRODUCE NET MECHANICAL SURPLUS

THE ACTUAL CLAIM — READ BEFORE ANALYZING

This system is not claimed to be self-sustaining.
The claim is: the external drive required to maintain operation is less than a standard motor-generator pair doing the same job.

STANDARD MOTOR-GENERATOR

        External input = drive energy
              + 1.0 cog overhead

                      − nothing recovered
Net external cost per revolution: high.
CYR SYSTEM — SAME OUTPUT

        External input = drive energy
              + 0.25 cog overhead
              − BEMF refund each cycle
              − PMG top-off each pulse
Net external cost per revolution: significantly less.

The surplus is not free energy. It is reduced input requirement for the same output. The geometry does the work that the external supply previously had to do. Every unit of cog eliminated by phi geometry is a unit the external supply no longer needs to provide. Less input wasted as heat. Same useful output. That is the claim.

Grok's analysis of the closed-loop conservative field is correct and not disputed. The closed-loop self-sustaining scenario is not the claim. The claim is reduced external input overhead — measurable by prototype comparison against a standard motor-generator pair under identical load conditions.

STANDARD MOTOR · 2:1

Push → forward   1.0 ✓
Cog  → resist   1.0 ✗
Pull → forward   1.0 ✓

          Net: 2 drive : 1 cog

          Cog costs same as one full drive force.

          One third of effort wasted.
        

CYR GEOMETRY ALONE · 2:0.25

Push → forward   1.0 ✓
Cog  → reduced  0.25 ◀
Pull → forward   1.0 ✓

          38.17° phi geometry eliminates 75% of cog.

          Remaining cog: 0.25 only.

          No electrical input yet — geometry alone.
        

WITH PULSE + BEMF · NET GAIN

Push → forward   1.0 ✓
Cog  → cleared  0.0 ✓
Pull → forward   1.0 ✓

          Pulse clears remaining 0.25.

          BEMF partially refunds pulse cost.

          Net: 2 drive : <0.25 cost.
        

THE GAIN CALCULATION

        Standard motor net force available:

          2.0 drive − 1.0 cog = 1.0

        CYR geometry reduces cog to 0.25:

          2.0 drive − 0.25 cog = 1.75

        Pulse covers remaining 0.25 cog.

        BEMF refunds portion of pulse cost.

          Net pulse cost = 0.25 − BEMF%

        Gain vs standard = 1.75 or greater.

WHERE EACH IMPROVEMENT COMES FROM:

0.75 units — 38.17° phi geometry eliminates 75% of cog passively.
0.25 units — electrical pulse clears remaining cog at crossing.
BEMF% — partial refund of pulse cost each cycle.
PMG output — tops off supercap each ON pulse while doing the job.

The two full drive forces (push + pull = 2.0) are available to spin the PMG.
The net resistance they work against is less than 0.25.

THE OPERATING CYCLE — PLAIN LANGUAGE

1 · ALL ON

Drive pulse fires.
Motor rotates.
PMG generates.
PMG tops off cap
while doing the job.

2 · ALL OFF

Drive path breaks.
Field collapses.
BEMF flows into cap.
Schottky: spike.
Standard: tail.

3 · ALL ON

Next pulse fires.
Cap was topped by
PMG + BEMF.
Cycle repeats.
Continuous.

NET RESULT

2.0 drive forces intact.
<0.25 net resistance.
PMG output available.
Less heat per watt.
Earth benefits.

Honest position on the gain figure: The 1.75 gain is calculated from geometry — 75% cog reduction at 38.17° phi offset is the calculable claim. The BEMF recovery percentage and actual PMG output per revolution require prototype measurement. The gain figure of 1.75 or greater is the mathematical floor based on geometry alone. Real-world friction, eddy currents, and component losses will reduce this number. Prototype determines the actual improvement over a standard motor-generator pair.

Start requirement: The PMM will not self-start. External start pulse or manual spin to threshold RPM is required. Below threshold RPM the PMG cannot contribute meaningfully to supercap top-off. Above threshold the operating cycle engages and self-maintains. Start energy is a one-time cost per run. External electrical drive to PMM windings is continuous and required throughout operation. Threshold RPM is determined by prototype measurement.

TOPOLOGY · WHY BLDC COMPARISON IS INCORRECT

NOT A BLDC MOTOR

NO STATOR TEETH · DIFFERENT COG MECHANISM · DIFFERENT TOPOLOGY

STANDARD BLDC

Has stator teeth.
Rotor magnets seek minimum reluctance at every tooth.
Cogging at every tooth simultaneously.
Opposition distributed around full ring at once.
High power needed to push through tooth alignment.
Partial return from generator not practical — cog overhead too high.

SWITCHED RELUCTANCE

Has stator teeth.
Operates by deliberate tooth alignment — cogging is the mechanism.
Managed electrically, not eliminated geometrically.
Energy partial return to drive circuit — established technique.
Higher cog overhead limits how much return is practical.
This design borrows the partial return principle only.

CYR WHEELS-IN-WHEELS

No stator teeth.
No tooth-alignment cogging.
Only resistance: magnet-to-magnet crossing.
Phi geometry reduces that crossing to 0.25.
Pulse clears only that single 0.25 point.
PMG partial return is practical — cog overhead is low enough.

THE CORRECT COMPARISON

This design has no stator teeth. Cogging from tooth-alignment — the dominant loss mechanism in BLDC and switched reluctance motors — does not exist here. The only resistance point is the magnet-to-magnet crossing at dead center, reduced to 0.25 by the 38.17° phi geometry.

The pulse exists only to clear that single 0.25 crossing. It is not managing continuous tooth engagement. It is not fighting the full cog of a standard motor.

This is why BLDC comparison is incorrect. A BLDC motor requires too much power to overcome stator tooth cogging to make PMG partial return practical. This design's reduced cog overhead — 0.25 vs 1.0 — is what makes the switched reluctance partial return principle viable here.

Same partial return principle as switched reluctance. Applied to a no-stator-tooth geometry where the cog cost is 0.25, not 1.0.

SECTION 2 OF 6

THE 4:1 RATIO RULE

INNER 9 · OUTER 36 · INTEGER RATIO ALIGNMENT

RULE 1 — INTEGER RATIO REQUIRED

N_outer ÷ N_inner must equal a whole number. Non-integer ratio creates an irrational beat frequency where some interactions are always destructive. Integer ratio ensures repeatable · symmetric interaction patterns. Note: Lenz's law still applies — extraction creates opposing drag at every event.

RULE 2 — INTEGER RATIO ALIGNMENT

Inner: 9 magnets · divisible by 9 · clean integer spacing.
Outer: 36 magnets · divisible by 9 · clean integer spacing.
Both wheels same DR family. Interactions resolve at Tesla positions. Always constructive.

RULE 3 — ODD INNER COUNT

9 magnets = 4 complete N-S pairs + 1 extra. The odd count prevents static lock positions. There is always a net torque direction available. The machine cannot rest at a balanced dead point.

WHY 4:1 SPECIFICALLY

The 4:1 ratio means 4 outer magnets pass per inner magnet alignment. 4 interaction events per 40° interval. 9 intervals × 4 events = 36 total per revolution.

RATIO COMPARISON:

RATIO	INNER	OUTER	DR CHECK	STATUS
3:1	9	27	Div-9 ✓	Clean
4:1 ◀	9	36	Div-9 ✓	SELECTED
9:1	9	81	Div-9 ✓	Clean
φ:1	8	~13	Non-integer	Avoid

40°

Inner magnet
angular spacing

10°

Outer magnet
angular spacing

DR9

Both wheels
Div-9 family

Total interactions
per revolution

SECTION 3 OF 6

S N N S POLE PATTERN

SKIP-2 TESLA ALIGNED · 18 EVENTS

THE PATTERN — ONE 40° INTERVAL (REPEATED 9 TIMES)

OUTER WHEEL — 36 MAGNETS — S N N S × 9:

ORIG

OPP

36 total magnets

36 ÷ 9 = 4 · clean ratio ✓

ORIGINAL PAIR (S N)

CONFIG 2 inverted. Positioned at 38.17° phi alignment.
S approaches inner N = ATTRACT · PULL
N departs inner N = REPEL · PUSH
Full strength event. 1.0

OPPOSITE PAIR (N S)

Reversed polarity. Fires at 20° half-position.
N approaches inner N = REPEL · PUSH
S departs inner N = ATTRACT · PULL
Half strength event. 0.5

NO SHIELDING NEEDED

Minimum spacing = 10° throughout.
Identical to standard alternating pattern.
Field ovals separate naturally.
The geometry solves the problem.
No patch required.

TORQUE SEQUENCE

Per 40° interval:
PULL · PUSH · PUSH · PULL
All four convert to forward torque
in the rotational frame.
Both polarities contribute.

DR VERIFICATION

18 original · 18 ÷ 9 = 2 · clean ✓
18 opposite · 18 ÷ 9 = 2 · clean ✓
36 total · 36 ÷ 9 = 4 · clean ✓
9 pairs of each type · clean integer ✓
All divisible by 9 · uniform spacing throughout.

SECTION 4 OF 6

38.17° PHASE-SHIFTED GEOMETRY

SIMULTANEOUS PULL+PUSH · ALL 9 PAIRS

38.17°

+ 51.83° = 90° · ALWAYS

WHAT HAPPENS AT 38.17°

This is the 38.17° phase-shifted angle — the position where pull AND push forces peak simultaneously. Not one then the other. Both at maximum at the same angle. All 9 original pairs are synchronized to this offset. All 9 fire together simultaneously.

THE PHI COMPLEMENT — 51.83°

38.17 + 51.83 = 90°. Always perpendicular. Used in the PMG wobble phase synchronization. Same relationship in stone (pyramid face). In steel (this machine). The two angles work together as a pair.

WHY PHI

φ = 1.61803... The golden ratio.
38.17° = 90° × (1 - 1/φ) = 90° × 0.382...
The frustrated state peaks at this offset.
Confirmed independently: Konstanz University
magnetic friction research · March 2026.

START REQUIREMENT

The phi synchronization requires external start pulse or manual rotation to threshold RPM. Above threshold, the phase-shifted geometry relationship self-maintains. Like a combustion engine or electric motor — external start, self-sustaining run.

SECTION 5 OF 6

PMG COUPLING + DRIVE CIRCUIT

18 EVENTS · CONTINUOUS EXTRACTION · TWO-STATE BIFILAR BEMF

WHY 18 EVENTS MATTERS TO THE PMG

The PMG extracts from flux change rate (dΦ/dt) — how fast the magnetic field changes — not just field strength. More flux change events = more extraction opportunities per revolution. The 0.5 strength events fill the dead zone between 1.0 events. The PMG stays continuously energized.

THREE STATIONARY EXTRACTION COILS

All mounted on the stationary frame. None moving.
Coil A: Behind outer wheel. Captures back-reflection. → CAP-A
Coil B: Edge of outer wheel. Captures lateral wave. → CAP-B
Coil C: In gap at 38.17° · 45° angle. Captures BEMF return. → CAP-C
Combined output self-clocked by rotation frequency.

EVENT BREAKDOWN

9 × 1.0 events — original pairs at 38.17° phi alignment.
9 × 0.5 events — opposite pairs at 20° half-position.
Alternating: 1.0 · 0.5 · 1.0 · 0.5 · 1.0 · 0.5...
18 total extractions per revolution.
PMG never fully drops to zero between pulses.

HONEST POSITION ON OUTPUT

The 2× event rate is calculated from geometry. Actual PMG terminal output requires prototype measurement. Coil design, gap distance, magnet strength, and rotation speed all affect real output. The event rate is the calculable claim. The output voltage is not.

INNOVATION 7 — TWO-STATE BIFILAR BEMF RECOVERY · APRIL 09 2026

ALL CLOSED = DRIVE · ALL OPEN = BEMF CAPTURE

The motor drive coil uses a bifilar winding with two switching transistors (G1 top, G2 bottom). When both are closed simultaneously, drive current flows through the coil, building the magnetic field. Side diodes are reverse-biased — blocked. When both are opened simultaneously, the drive path breaks. The collapsing field induces BEMF. Side diodes become forward-biased — conducting upward. BEMF flows up through the diodes into storage. Ground is the launch pad, not a dump. One switch event does two things: ends drive and opens BEMF capture. No MCU. No timing circuit. Cam geometry clocks the switch at 38.17° phi offset.

G1 + G2 CLOSED

Drive state active
Current flows top → coil → bottom
Field builds · diodes blocked
Motor drives · PMG generates

G1 + G2 OPEN

BEMF capture state
Field collapses · BEMF rises
Diodes conduct upward
Energy flows to storage

ASYMMETRIC RECOVERY

Dual-speed diodes
Schottky: fast spike capture
Standard: slow tail drain
PMG output tops off supercap

DIODE SELECTION:

TYPE

SPEED

USE

EXAMPLE

Schottky

< 5ns

Spike capture

BAT54 / SB360

Standard

~2µs

Tail drain

1N4007 / 1N5408

NOT OVER-UNITY — HONEST POSITION

Supercap pulse-assist is funded by PMG output + BEMF recovery — same principle as switched reluctance motor drive circuits. Pulse cost is drawn from generator output. System COP determined by prototype measurement. Circuit topology proven by established electronics principles. Efficiency improvement requires physical testing to confirm.

PMG OUTPUT WAVEFORM — STANDARD vs REDESIGNED:

EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS

PMG OUTPUT COMPARISON

METHODS RANKED · WAVEFORM QUALITY AND COLLECTION EFFICIENCY

IMPORTANT PHYSICS CLARIFICATION

More flux change events ≠ more total energy. The same total energy per revolution is distributed across more events. This is like chopping one unit of energy into more slices — the slices are smaller but there are more of them. What actually improves: waveform smoothness · ripple reduction · rectification efficiency · output frequency · dead zone elimination. What does not change: total power is bounded by mechanical input. Lenz's law applies. Every extraction event creates opposing drag. No free gain. No energy multiplication. Conservation of energy holds.

WHAT THIS COMPARISON SHOWS

All methods at same RPM · same magnet strength · same mechanical input. Standard single rotor = 1.0× baseline. The improvements below represent waveform quality and collection efficiency improvement — not power multiplication. We set the foundation. Others develop further.

METHOD	EVENTS/REV	COIL PATHS	DEAD ZONE	WAVEFORM QUALITY	HONEST NOTE
M1 · Standard single rotor	9	1	Large	Baseline	Known. Works. Reference point.
M2 · 4:1 wheels standard	36	1	Small	Higher frequency	4× flux events. Same energy redistributed.
M3 · 4:1 · S N N S only	18	1	None	Smooth continuous	Dead zone eliminated. Smoother waveform.
M4 · S N N S · 3 coils	18	3	None	Multi-path smooth	Three paths capture more of available flux.
M5 · Full design · BEMF loss reduction ◀	18	3	None	Optimized collection	This entry. BEMF reduces losses · not adds energy.
M6 · 12 inner · 48 outer	24	3	None	Higher frequency	For others to develop. Magnet size limit applies.
M7 · M5 + timed cap combine	18	3	None	Minimal cancellation	Cap timing reduces inter-coil cancellation.

Table note: "Waveform quality" column replaces earlier "multiplier" framing which implied power multiplication. Power output is bounded by mechanical input in all cases. Improvements are in waveform smoothness · collection efficiency · ripple reduction. Total energy per revolution does not increase beyond mechanical input minus losses.

WAVEFORM AND COLLECTION IMPROVEMENTS RANKED:

1 · GEOMETRY

4:1 ratio · 36 events vs 9.
Higher output frequency.
Better rectification efficiency.
Same energy · higher frequency.

2 · THREE COILS

Three independent flux paths.
Each captures different flux.
Reduces uncaptured flux losses.
Real collection improvement.

3 · CAP TIMING

Separate settle per coil.
Phase-aligned combination.
Reduces cancellation losses.
Self-clocked by rotation.

4 · BEMF

Reduces COG drag losses.
Cannot create net gain.
Loss reduction only.
Magnitude: prototype needed.

5 · S N N S PATTERN

Eliminates dead zones.
PMG stays energized.
Smoother output waveform.
Better downstream electronics.

6 · SCALE INNER COUNT

More events per rev.
Higher output frequency.
For others to develop.
Physical magnet size limit.

THE FOUNDATION · THIS ENTRY

This design is a novel generator architecture that improves waveform quality · collection efficiency · output frequency · and dead zone elimination within the bounds of conservation of energy and Lenz's law. It does not claim energy multiplication or overunity.

The geometry gives higher flux change frequency. The pattern gives continuous smooth waveform. The three coils give reduced uncaptured flux loss. The BEMF circuit gives reduced drag losses.

We set the foundation. Others develop further.
All methods documented here as prior art dated March 31 2026. Build it. Test it. Publish the results.

SECTION 6 OF 6

PRIOR ART STATEMENT

WHAT IS PROVEN · WHAT NEEDS BUILDING

PROVEN BY PHYSICS AND GEOMETRY

4:1 ratio gives integer Tesla-family alignment
S N N S × 9 produces 18 interaction events per rev
10° uniform spacing — no shielding required
38.17° phase-shifted geometry — simultaneous pull+push
38.17° + 51.83° = 90° — always perpendicular
36 and 18 both divisible by 9 — uniform integer spacing throughout
PMG sees 2× flux change events vs standard design
Adjacent field ovals separate at 10° spacing
Odd inner count prevents static lock
Two-state bifilar circuit — all-closed drive / all-open BEMF capture
Diode orientation passively routes BEMF upward to storage — no MCU
Asymmetric recovery — Schottky spike + standard tail · dual-speed passive capture

REQUIRES PROTOTYPE AND TESTING

Whether machine produces net positive rotation
Actual PMG terminal output voltage and current
Real-world efficiency measurement
Effect of unknown interference patterns
Optimal gap distance and magnet strength
Start pulse threshold RPM determination
Long-term bearing and mechanical stability
Temperature effects on magnet performance

DOCUMENTED INNOVATIONS — MARCH 31 2026:

INNOVATION 1

4:1 wheel ratio rule
Integer ratio · uniform divisible spacing
All interactions constructive

INNOVATION 2

S N N S pole pattern
Skip-2 uniform spacing × 9
18 events per revolution

INNOVATION 3

38.17° extraction point
Simultaneous pull+push
Phase-shifted geometry synchronized

INNOVATION 4

PMG coupling design
Continuous energized state
No dead zones between pulses

INNOVATION 5

Three-coil harvest
Back · edge · BEMF
Self-clocked collection

INNOVATION 6

No shielding required
Geometry resolves interference
Step back from patch principle

INNOVATION 7 — TWO-STATE BIFILAR BEMF RECOVERY · APRIL 09 2026

Bifilar coil · G1/G2 simultaneous switching · passive BEMF capture
All-closed = drive state · all-open = BEMF capture state · one event, two functions
Asymmetric diode recovery: Schottky fast spike + standard slow tail · no MCU · cam-geometry timed
Ground rail is launch pad — diode orientation forces BEMF upward into storage · scales with RPM automatically

CYR TECHNOLOGIES · MISSION

Stopping global warming through superior efficiency technology.
Every watt saved is heat not added to the Earth.
This design is offered as prior art. Physics calculates. Prototype proves.
Man and Earth benefit from either result.